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Red Queen Effect
Red Queen Effect
Red Queen Effect
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Overview

You're improving, learning, getting faster, achieving more and getting ahead? No, you're not. Because everyone else is as well. 

...

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Duo Reges: constructio interrete. Quae cum praeponunt, ut sit aliqua rerum selectio, naturam videntur sequi; Itaque contra est, ac dicitis; Nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius. Suam denique cuique naturam esse ad vivendum ducem. Quamquam id quidem licebit iis existimare, qui legerint. Cuius quidem, quoniam Stoicus fuit, sententia condemnata mihi videtur esse inanitas ista verborum. Sed erat aequius Triarium aliquid de dissensione nostra iudicare. Nunc dicam de voluptate, nihil scilicet novi, ea tamen, quae te ipsum probaturum esse confidam. Respondent extrema primis, media utrisque, omnia omnibus. Hoc enim identidem dicitis, non intellegere nos quam dicatis voluptatem.

Nummus in Croesi divitiis obscuratur, pars est tamen divitiarum. Iubet igitur nos Pythius Apollo noscere nosmet ipsos.

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Actionable Takeaways
  • Research your competition

You cannot become better than your competitor if you are not aware of their st ...

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Itaque primos congressus copulationesque et consuetudinum instituendarum voluntates fieri propter voluptatem; Dolere malum est: in crucem qui agitur, beatus esse non potest. Ergo ita: non posse honeste vivi, nisi honeste vivatur? Hic, qui utrumque probat, ambobus debuit uti, sicut facit re, neque tamen dividit verbis. Quicquid porro animo cernimus, id omne oritur a sensibus; Ergo illi intellegunt quid Epicurus dicat, ego non intellego? Duo Reges: constructio interrete. Negat enim summo bono afferre incrementum diem.

Sed mehercule pergrata mihi oratio tua. Sin dicit obscurari quaedam nec apparere, quia valde parva sint, nos quoque concedimus; Omnes enim iucundum motum, quo sensus hilaretur. An me, inquam, nisi te audire vellem, censes haec dicturum fuisse? Et quod est munus, quod opus sapientiae? Primum quid tu dicis breve?

Haec et tu ita posuisti, et verba vestra sunt. Qua igitur re ab deo vincitur, si aeternitate non vincitur? Sed quid minus probandum quam esse aliquem beatum nec satis beatum? Scio enim esse quosdam, qui quavis lingua philosophari possint; Re mihi non aeque satisfacit, et quidem locis pluribus. Qui autem de summo bono dissentit de tota philosophiae ratione dissentit.

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Limitations

Being aware of the Red Queen Effect is not enough to guarantee success. Once you have come up with a concept that is foreign to your competition, you need to make sure you can move the new product or service past the idea phase, which usually requires capital, know-how, and the willingness to take risks. 

In Practice

The evolutionary ‘arms race’. 

In the Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins describes the “unequal cost of failure” in the evolutionary ‘arms race’. He describes the life/dinner principle captured in Aesop’s fables: “The rabbit runs faster than the fox, because the rabbit is running for his life while the fox is only running for his dinner.” There is a linked push to evolve and improve, with better adaptation in one species driving the other to make its own ‘leap forward’ to survive. 

Buffet and developments in the textile industry. 

The Farnam St Blog outlines the Red Queen Effect in some detail and includes the story of Buffett's approach to investing in the textile industry. Buffet wrote: 

“Over the years, we had the option of making large capital expenditures in the textile operation that would have allowed us to somewhat reduce variable costs. But the promised benefits from these textile investments were illusory. Many of our competitors, both domestic and foreign, were stepping up to the same kind of expenditures and, once enough companies did so, their reduced costs became the baseline for reduced prices industrywide. 

“Viewed individually, each company’s capital investment decision appeared cost-effective and rational; viewed collectively, the decisions neutralized each other and were irrational (just as happens when each person watching a parade decides he can see a little better if he stands on tiptoes). After each round of investment, all the players had more money in the game and returns remained anemic.”

Build your latticework
This model will help you to:

While the Red Queen effect arose from biology, it can be applied to competition and innovation in other domains. 

Use the following examples of connected and complementary models to weave the Red Queen effect into your broader latticework of mental models. Alternatively, discover your own connections by exploring the category list above. 

Connected models: 

  • Mutually assured destruction: the Red Queen effect can be seen as a lens to understand the cold war. 
  • Blue ocean strategy: to consider changing the game rather than running faster. 

Complementary models: 

  • Catalyst: in identifying rapid change opportunities over progressive development.
Origins & Resources

The name of this concept originated from Lewis Carroll’s famous sequel to Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass, where Alice observes that she needs to run faster and faster just to stay in the same place; the Red Queen’s reply to Alice’s perplexity is ‘Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!’

Evolutionary biologist Leigh Van Halen proposed the Red Queen hypothesis in 1973 to describe the constant race that co-evolving species engage in order to survive in a constantly changing environment populated with opposing organisms.

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